Preface:
THIS JUST IN (Jan 28, 2019)
I just returned from Egypt. Our tour guide was a muslim, Walaa (need last name). Muslims also believe that the Exodus was a real historical event. Walaa had a four year degree in Egyptology from the University of Memphis, Egypt.
In a little friendly banter, I pointed out how impossible it would have been for Egypt to have been at the height of its power if its entire army had been destroyed during the parting of the Red Sea. He agreed it would have been impossible and then said that he has to believe it because it is part of his faith – even though it would have been physically impossible.
Then he volunteered something even more amazing. He admitted that, with all of the documentation of their lives, there is no written record of any Israelites EVER having lived in Egypt. We are talking over 2400 years of written history by the ancient Egyptians.
There is documentation however of an Egyptian swindler who was jailed for selling phoney religious artifacts to people making pilgrimages. Yet, no documentation of Jews in Egypt – Ever!
The Truth Is…
No Jews in Egypt EVER!
The “documentary hypothesis” identifies four authors, J, E, D, P of the Torah. J and E wrote around 900 BCE, D and P wrote around 700 and the whole Torah was assembled around 400 BCE. No serious Biblical scholar denies this timeline for the Torah.
The Torah defines what it means to be one of God’s chosen people, it defines the Jewish religion. It lays down all the laws that one had to follow (including cutting off part of a man’s penis) in order to be seen as a Jew.
Since the Torah was not completed until around 400 BCE, there was no such thing as a Jew in 1446 BCE.
No Written Evidence of Existence of Hebrews in Egypt
According to Exodus 12:40, the Israelites lived in Egypt for 430 years. The Bible mentions Egypt about 700 times, yet there is no mention of the Israelites in any Egyptian history, nor archaeological evidence outside the Hebrew Scriptures that records the sojourn of the Israelite in Egypt. With no leader (Moses comes later) and no synagogue, the “Israelites” would have been assimilated into the Egyptian culture.
There is no mention of Jews or 10 plagues in this extensive history of Egypt.
Most Important: The Egyptian records themselves have no mention of anything recorded in Exodus. Egyptians wrote extensively, in their distinctive hieroglyphs, and practiced detailed art that depicted many scenes of Egyptian life yet none depicts any of the 10 plagues. Because they left such a rich legacy, the Egyptians are more familiar to us than perhaps any other ancient civilization.
As the Jewish archaeologists Israel Finkelstein and Neil Silberman noted:
[W]e have no clue, not even a single word, about the early Israelites in Egypt: neither in monumental inscriptions on the walls of temples, nor in tomb inscriptions, nor in papyri. Israel is absent – as a possible foe of Egypt, as a friend, or as an enslaved nation
Most historians today agree that at best, the stay in Egypt and the Exodus occurred in a few families and that their private story was expanded and “nationalized” to fit the needs of theological ideology.
Israeli archaeologist Ze’ev Herzog, provides the current consensus view on the historicity of the Exodus:
The Israelites never were in Egypt. They never came from abroad. This whole chain is broken. It is not a historical one. It is a later legendary reconstruction – made in the seventh century [BCE] – of a history that never happened.
William Dever, an archaeologist normally associated with the more conservative end of Syro-Palestinian archaeology, has labeled the question of historicity of Exodus “dead.”
No Archaeological Evidence of a 40 Year Sojourn in the Desert
Modern archaeological research has found no evidence that the Sinai desert ever hosted, or could have hosted, 3+ million people, nor of a massive population increase in Canaan, estimated to have had a population of between 50,000 and 100,000 at the time. The wilderness of the southern Sinai peninsula shows no traces of a mass-migration such as Exodus describes, and virtually all the place-names mentioned, including Goshen (the area within Egypt where the Israelites supposedly lived), the store-cities of Pithom and Rameses, the site of the crossing of the Red Sea, and even Mt Sinai itself, have resisted identification.[2]
Even Those Whose Purpose Would be Served Can’t Find Anything
This is not for want of trying. Both Jewish and Christian “scholars” have been desperately trying to find evidence to “prove” that Exodus took place. “Between 1967, when Israel captured the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, and 1982, when it was returned in the peace treaty, Israeli archaeologists made dozens of expeditions throughout the peninsula. Yet, not a single shred of evidence for an ancient Israelite presence was found. Great schools of Jewish archaeology, given every motive to find to the contrary, and given every chance to find, in the Sinai and the region, any evidence of the Exodus, were unable to do so. Came back empty handed and admitted that there was no evidence for any Jewish life in Egypt or in the Sinai desert.
Surely more than 3+million people wandering around for forty years would have left some traces (pottery, bones, fecal matter, wagon parts) for archaeologists to find. Remember, God allowed the initial cohort of 3+ million to die. Only second generation “Israelites” entered Canaan. Thus there would have been over 3 million well preserved (desert you know) human skeletons, not to mention the skeletons of the live stock. Yet not a single bone has been found. Nor has any trace of fecal matter (a primary tool of archeologists and DNA analysis. See Archaeological Study of Human Fossil Feces called Coprolite” for proof of this.) been found and there would have been plenty of it, especially from the thrice dead cattle that Israelites took with them.
Ezion-Geber, where the ancient Israelites supposedly encamped (Numbers 33:35), is another site that has been identified by archaeologists. Yet here too no artifacts dating to the time of the Exodus can be found. Finally, despite numerous digs on Mount Sinai, on the southern tip of Sinai Peninsula, no evidence has been found of any ancient Israelite presence there.
No Evidence of Effect of Loss of 1/2 of Egypt’s Population
The bible says that the “Exodus” consisted of 603,550 able-bodied adult males (not counting Levites), wives, non-fighting men, Levites and children would have brought the total to 3 million or more; equivalent to nearly half of the entire Egyptian population of around 3-6 million. After 430 years, the Jews would have been well integrated into the fabric of Egyptian culture and economy. If they were slaves, they would have been even more critical to the economy. The loss of such a huge proportion of the population would have caused havoc to the Egyptian economy, but no evidence of such effect has been found.
Please, please THINK
Think of it this way… if, in the United States, approximately 150 million workers (~50% of our population) of the lowest job skills suddenly disappeared tomorrow and, at the same time, roughly 20% of our population suddenly dropped dead all at the stroke of midnight (i.e. “first born), and our entire Army (what was left of it) drowned in the sea, not to mention loss of all crops and cattle, don’t you think this would have affected our economy and reduced us to a third world country?
Wouldn’t Egypt have been affected similarly? Yet, at the time of the alleged Exodus (1447 BCE) Egypt was at the height of its powers.
How many Children of Israel (COI) were on the alleged Exodus?
Various “studies” (I don’t know how one can study something that never happened) put the numbers between 3 and 6 million. The bible says there were 600,000+ males of fighting age. Here is a Christian website that supports the number as being 2.5 – 3.5 million. Assuming that there were large families due to the rapid increase in the Jewish population) and knowing that even the Children of Israel had slaves (Exodus 12:44) it is easy to support a number of 3 million (about the size of Chicago).
This apologist “shows” that the number of COI in Egypt at the end of the 430 years was about 5,000,000! This totally vindicates our use of 3,000,000.
No Evidence of 3,000,000 People Arriving, All at Once, at The “Promised Land”, Canaan.
The archaeology of Palestine has equally failed to substantiate the Bible’s account of the invasion of Canaan by the Israelites arriving from Egypt some forty years later – of the 31 cities supposedly conquered by Joshua, only one (Bethel) shows a destruction level that equates to the Biblical narrative, and there is general agreement that the origins of Israel lie within Canaan itself.[3] Even those scholars who hold the Exodus to represent historical truth concede that the most the evidence can suggest is plausibility.[4]
Even with God’s Help, Logistics Make Exodus an Impossible Event.
FIRST, THE ROUTE
The map and it’s points of destination below is copied from the a website without permission but surely they would want their concept of the Exodus spread throughout the land and God hasn’t said I shouldn’t do this so here it is.
Israel’s Exodus from Egypt and Entry into Canaan
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DEPARTURE
Somehow, Moses gets word to the 3 million COI scattered throughout Egypt that they are to slaughter, roast with fire and, with bitter herbs, they shall slaughter before midnight, a first year male lamb which is without blemish, then put the blood of the lamb on both doorposts. Then, starting after midnight, the 3.0 million COI had to bake their unleavened bread, steal all they could from the Egyptians, gather their flocks and herds and very much cattle and…
- make their way from all over Egypt to Rameses and
- once gathered there, go to Succoth,
- depart from Egypt (go over the border which is over 60 miles away)
- all on that selfsame day! Exodus 12:51 And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.
I thank God that the map includes a legend/scale. From looking at the scale, we can get an approximate sense of the miles covered on that selfsame day.
?? Miles to Ramesses
37 Miles, Ramesses to Succoth
20 miles, Succoth to Pi-Hahiroth (assuming Pi-Hahiroth is even out of Egypt)
So, on that selfsame day, 3,000,000 million people traveled unknown distances to Ramesses, 37 miles to Succoth and an additional 20 miles to Pi-Hahiroth.
Assume family groupings of 10 people. Then there would be 300,000 family groupings if the total of the Children of Israel is 3 million. A family grouping of 10 people and their flocks, herds and many cattle would easily occupy a circle of 55 feet in diameter.
Length of line: 300,000 groups * 55 feet = 16,500,000 feet = 3125 miles. Think of that… A column of Israelite families and their flocks and herds and many cattle stretching 3125 miles (that’s three thousand, one hundred and twenty five miles – do the math – I did).
Imagine a line of traffic stretching from Seattle Wa. to Tampa, Fl (3015 miles). They all want to get to Disneyland in Orlando Fl (~60 miles) Driving at 3 miles per hour, how long would it be after the first car, starting in Tampa, reached Disneyland before the last car in Seattle Wa. was even able to start driving?
Think about how you have to sit and wait in a line of traffic, even though the first car has moved. Now change this analogy from cars to COI family groupings. Walking at 3 miles per hour, it would take at least 20 hours before the first grouping reached Disneyland and that’s assuming the line moved 24 hours a day. No stopping for rest or food. There’s no telling how much longer it would take that last group to in Seattle to reach Disneyland. Remember, they have to travel the entire 3075 mile route walking 3 miles/hour. They WILL need to stop for food and water.
Impossible.
NOTE: Nothing changes significantly regardless of how many family groupings you have abreast. Even at 10 families abreast, the line is still 312 miles long and it’s 1/10th of a mile wide. Still impossible.
WHAT THEY CARRIED
The bible says The COI left Egypt with their “borrowed” Egyptian jewels of silver and jewels of gold and raiment along with all their flocks and herds,and much cattle, and their unleavened dough. In addition, they had those things “such that they required” that the Egyptians “lent” them.
However, here is what they did NOT have with them because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual. Exodus 12:39
- any victual for themselves other than the unleavened bread.
- food for the flocks, herds and even very much cattle.
- water for themselves and the flocks, herds and even very much cattle.
- tents large enough for a family of at least 10 and sturdy enough to withstand 40 years of desert blowing sand around like sandpaper.
- arms, shields, swords, spears,
- knowledge of how to fight – they were slaves, not taught the art of war
- components for the Ark that God would make them construct
- beasts of burden; oxen and carts to haul all of the above which they did not have but which magically appear later on in the story.
ARRIVAL
Imagine the chaos of 3,000,000 people arriving at each of the 18 locations identified above with all their herds etc and no organization to tell them where to go, what to eat, where to take care of hygiene. This is all so ridiculous it doesn’t merit any more attention.
COMMUNICATION
The “Children of Israel” were the same in number as the American city of Chicago. Chicago is spread over 130 square miles.
Seriously… How did Moses communicate with all “the children of Israel”? Remember, all this communication transpired in less that 24 hours.
CLOTHING
What about clothing?
Now, on the very same night that marked the anniversary of their four hundred and thirtieth year (earlier we read 400 years), they all left Egypt. All 3 million of them with their flocks, herds, cattle, bread and stolen booty.
But what about clothing? They did not have much time to pack. They left in one night. All 3 million of them. For forty years then, these people go through the desert with only the clothes they brought with them on that departure eve. Really?!
I suspect those clothes got pretty ragged and torn and rank after about the 10th year. And, no relief from the unabated sun of the desert. I’ll bet they needed a lot of water and sun tan lotion.
WATER
Although God presumably provided food in the form of “Manna” and quail, there is no mention of Him providing water other than from a single rock and the 12 springs at Elim. Huge quantities of water would have been necessary to support 3,000,000 people and all the livestock they stole from the Egyptians. The city of Philadelphia requires 250 MILLION GALLONS OF WATER A DAY distributed via 3,300 miles of underground pipes. But the “Children of Israel” were moving around – hence the water supply would have to move with them. Remember they were in a desert! One rock spouting water did not supply 3 million people. Even if it did, it would have gushed at a rate of 175,000 gallons a minute onto the desert floor. Old Faithful in Yellowstone Park “gushes” a maximum of only 8400 gallons a minute. Wanna take a sip?
Seriously, what was the source of the water that maintained a city the size of Philadelphia and their livestock for a period of 40 years? How was it distributed?
THIS JUST IN: (8/11/2015)
Couple dies due to heat stroke in New Mexico desert within hours, even with 40 oz of water they carried with them.
Read the article here.
In case the original article is gone, you can read the story on this website. I copied it to make sure it would always be available.
The point of this “extra” is to show that it would have been impossible for 3,000,000 people to survive desert conditions without water. Water oozing from a rock could not support 3,000,000 people plus their livestock, regardless of whether or not they were in a desert. The fact that they were in a desert makes the story all the more impossible.
FOOD
Recall that the COI cried out about having to eat nothing but manna. Then God stuffed quail down their throats until it came out their nostrils.
Question:
Why didn’t they eat all their flocks and herds,and much cattle? All their flocks and herds,and much cattle would have been reproducing at a rate that would have sustained the COI for the duration of the 40 year journey.
Answer:
Because it makes a better story to have God provide for their needs by dropping manna from heaven.
SANITATION
The excrement from 3,000,000 humans and their livestock and herds would have produced a monumental volume of excrement EVERY DAY and its associated health problems. And this continued for over forty years! And yet there was no dysentery, diarrhea, cholera? Even today, around four million people a year die due to disease linked to a lack of safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.
Here is an excerpt from an article that appeared in the New York Times entitled “In India, latrines Are Lifesavers“. It completely supports the argument made above – that sanitation would have been a BIG problem for the Children Of Israel”.
“Jani’s pride is not unfounded. The success in her village is rare despite India’s repeated attempts to stop open defecation, a serious risk to health and safety that is on newly elected Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s agenda. More than 620 million people in India defecate outdoors — a much higher rate than in poorer countries like Bangladesh or those in sub-Saharan Africa. Exposure to fecal matter is a leading cause of diarrhea, which kills 600,000 people in the country each year, a third of them children. Andas Gardiner Harris reported in July, open defecation and rapid population growth fuel bacterial growth that contributes to malnutrition and stunted growth in 65 million Indian children under the age of five.”
Seriously, how did the “Children of Israel” deal with the huge sanitation problem that naturally occurs whenever large groups of people and their ” flocks and herds, and much cattle” live close together?
REPRODUCTION
According to the Bible, the 430 year stay in Egypt started with only 70 people. After only 430 years, the population had grown to 3,000,000. This is an outrageous rate of growth. Apparently, it stopped immediately after the Exodus. More nonsense.
SUPPLIES
The COI took many spoils from their Egyptian captors including cattle (which, btw, were killed thrice over by the plagues). Using the statistics presented in the New International Version we find that the quantities of materials required for construction of:
The Tabernacle
The Ark
The Table
The Lampstand
The Altar of Incense
The Altar of Burnt Offering
The Basin for Washing
The Courtyard
required, at least…
- 1 ton of gold
- 3.75 tons of silver;
- 2.50 tons of bronze; and
- over a mile of linen
- over a mile of yarn
The requirements for the Ark of the Covenant were not given until the Children were already in the desert!
How did they know to bring all this stuff along with them? They were given one day to pack up and leave Egypt.
Seriously where did all these raw materials come from? How were they transported? There is no mention of beasts of burden.
The Golden Calf
Where did the gold come from to make a golden calf? (We know… borrowed/lent/stolen). Where did the mold come from to form the gold into a golden calf? Gold melts at 2000 degrees Fahrenheit; where did the Children get fuel to heat the gold over to 2000 degrees? Don’t say “trees”; the COI were in the desert and had been there for a while. Any trees that may have existed initially were long used up by the time the calf was made. Where did they get a container that would not melt at temperatures over 2000 degrees and was able to hold the molten gold?
The Live Stock
What did the livestock eat? The Children got Manna for breakfast from heaven and quail for dinner from heaven (once) but what did the livestock eat for forty years?
Internal Contradictions
The Lord Speaks Out of Both Sides Of His Mouth
We can’t let this one go. Read this:
Exodus 34:6-7
34:6 And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD, The LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth,
34:7 Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.
Is that not a total contradiction? On the one hand the lord is merciful, gracious, longsuffering and abundant in goodness and truth, keeping mercy for thousands (the fact that the world had a population of millions was way beyond the author’s comprehension), forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin! Then IN THE SAME SENTENCE, the Lord says he will punish the children and the great, great grandchildren of anyone who sins. WTF?
Discontinuities of the Torah
Age of Moses
The Age and genealogy of Moses indicates that Moses was in Egypt for 359 years but the Bible states he was 80 when he leaves.
Reproduction Rates
Jacob enters Egypt with “All those who were descendants of Jacob were seventy persons” Four hundred and thirty years later, approximately 3,000,000 “Children of Israel” leave Egypt. Using basic population statistics, each woman had 9-10 children. However, this prodigious production of children apparently ended the moment they left Egypt.
The same would be true of their livestock. In order to have sufficient numbers of livestock to support the growing numbers which were increasing at an exponential rate, the livestock would have had to also increase at an exponential rate. Apparently this exponential rate of reproduction also stopped the moment they left Egypt.
Nowhere To Go
Children of Israel “escaped” to Canaan, yet Canaan was a province of Egypt so they were still under the rule of the Egyptians, even though they were in the “promised land”.
God’s Broken Promise
God promised that he would return His people … well, you read it:
And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites. Exodous 3:8
BUT… only two of those to whom God made the promise actually made it to the land flowing with milk and honey. God compelled them to roam the deserts instead for forty years, until all of them except two had perished. Of all the multitude who escaped from Egypt, only Joshua and Caleb entered the promised land. Even Moses had to die in sight of it.
Their God was worse than the Egyptians ever were. He was quick-tempered, unreasonable, cruel, revengeful, and dishonest. Few of his promises to them were performed. Their tortuous path across the wilderness was marked by a track of death and bleaching bones.
Wait… What?
No mention of the Pyramids? Either they built the Pyramids or the Pyramids were already there. How is it possible that there is no mention of the Pyramids in the entire saga?
Because the story was concocted by authors who had no idea of the nature of Egypt; had never seen Egypt.
Pharaohs’ Names?
Why doesn’t Moses mention the names of these offending Pharaohs?
First of all, the word Pharaoh does not appear in any Egyptian literature – these were Kings, not Pharaohs. Giving the name of the King that negotiated with Moses would sure help fact check this ridiculous story.
Second of all, the names of Egyptian Kings of the 1500 BC era were unknown to the authors of the book of Exodus. Modern scholarship sees the book as initially a product of the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), with final revisions in the Persian post-exilic period (5th century BCE). The authors of Exodus had no idea who the Kings of Egypt were some 800-900 years ago. How could they possibly know?
WRITING OF THE TORAH
According to religious tradition, everything found in the Torah (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) was given by God to Moses, some at Mount Sinai and some at the Tabernacle. This dictation and recording resulted in the Torah we have today. No serious, unbiased religious scholar believes that the Torah was written by Moses during the period of the Exodus. Read about the Documentary Hypothesis.
Those five books contain over 100,000 English words. If Moses wrote in Cuneiform, the only form of writing known in that area in that era, it would have taken over 5,000,000 characters to represent the books of the Torah.Here is what the cuneiform symbol for “head” looks like:
The symbol represents an Old Assyrian version of the early 2nd millennium, as adopted into Hittite. Early 2nd millennium is about the time Moses would have been transcribing God’s words.
For reinforcement of how difficult writing in cuneiform is, here is a section of the peace treaty between Hattusa and Ramses II, circa 1250 BCE.
The photo represents the state of the art of writing in 1200 BCE. Note the thickness of the “tablet”. Very thick in order to prevent breakage as it is transported via ox cart over bumpy roads no doubt. Think how many similar tablets Moses would have had to produce. Think of the problems of transporting these back to Canaan given the massive weight and size of the thousands of “tablets”. There can be little doubt that Moses would have had to write in some form of Cuneiform given the state of writing at the time he recorded God’s words.
Now then, upon what did Moses record these words? Writing in wet clay with a stylus was the method of writing in that era. To make the writing permanent, the clay had to be fired. But Moses didn’t have access to clay, only sand. He didn’t have a kiln to fire the clay into solid tablets that could be transported either.
The accumulation of these tablets would have added tons to the transportation burden.
How were these writings preserved during the 40 years?
We don’t have the stones containing words written by God himself onto stone (IE, the 10 commandments), but somehow we have managed to keep intact the entire texts of the Torah? We have apparently been able to preserve God’s word on how to make Aron’s breastplate:
“And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shalt thou make it.” Exodus 28:15
Those stones survived long enough to be translated. But where are they now? Thousands of tons of writings created by icon Moses and not a one of these holy stones, words from the mouth of God himself, none of them survived?
The Children of Israel couldn’t even keep track of the two most sacred stone tablets written by the finger of their God. How then, did they ever maintain, intact, thousands of stone-like tablets of Cuneiform scrawled upon by Moses?. When and by whom and where were they translated? Why don’t we have ANY of them now?
The Torah describes events that occur AFTER Moses could have written them – including his own death! (So Moses the servant of the LORD died there in the land of Moab, according to the word of the LORD. Deuteronomy 34:7)
Most of the time, the authors of the Torah use Moses’ name in third person; e.g. “… the Lord said unto Moses …” There are a few instances where the phrase “… the Lord said unto me…” is used. So, it is obvious that it was not some kind of stylistic approach to use the third person because it is not done exclusively. This is more evidence that the Torah was not written by Moses and that Exodus cannot be true because of its’ own internal contradictions.
What Did Happen; i.e. The Truth
From the NOVA series, The Bibles Buried Secrets, read what Carol Meyers, an archeologist and professor of religion at Duke University, has to say about the significance of the Moses narrative in ancient times, the role it plays in American history, and why it continues to resonate with us today. VERY INTERESTING – CLICK HERE!
Summary, in case you don’t follow the link: Canaanites went to Egypt for a variety of reasons. They were generally assimilated—after a generation or two they became Egyptians. There is almost no evidence that those people left. But there are one or two Egyptian documents that record the flight of a handful of people who had been brought to Egypt for one reason or other and who didn’t want to stay there.
There you have it. Some Egyptians, originally from Canaan, left Egypt to return home; THAT IS YOUR EXODUS.
Bibliography
1 James Weinstein, “Exodus and the Archaeological Reality”, in Exodus: The Egyptian Evidence, ed. Ernest S. Frerichs and Leonard H. Lesko (Eisenbrauns, 1997), p.87
2 John Van Seters, “The Geography of the Exodus”, in The Land I Will Show You: Essays on the History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honour of J. Maxwell Miller, ed. J. Andrew Dearman and M. Patrick Graham (JSOT 343, Sheffield Academic Press, 2001), pp. 255-76
3 Lawrence E. Stager, “Forging an Identity: The Emergence of Ancient Israel”, in The Oxford History of the Biblical World, ed.
4 James K. Hoffmeier, Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition, (OUP, 1999)
The Church Of Truth™ 
The Dunning Kruger name of your pretentious website aside, you made multiple errors, attempting to “refute” the historicity of the Exodus (which is comparable to that of the Trojan War, but l see the nuance and hermeneutics is lost on you) through fundamentalist lenses — ex. 2 million “Jews” (the fact you call them that is laughable), 40 years in the wilderness, etc. You sound very much like a young earth creationist who rejects evolution on the basis of the absurdity of us coming from monkeys and going on a tirade from there. You should educate yourself with what an actual Egyptologist who investigated the matter beyond face value reading https://youtu.be/lxTUsL-M3XA
This was great. Well written. They’ve spent so much time and MONEY changing dates of actual history to fit the mold of their religious text it’s deplorable.
It was terrible. Badly written. You sound like a young earth creationist who says that about evolution (as l pointed out elsewhere). Your lack of nuance or education in hermeneutics is deplorable. Here’s some actual scholarship
Recorded history. I dont mean pottery shards or stick figures or proto letters with no discernible coherent text.
I mean coherent recorded history begins I’m sumerian at 2600bce
We could push it back further to be generous to 3500bce
Certainly no earlier than bronze age
So the 2 Jericho destructions at 2500sh and 1550bce are the only candidates for post exodus conquest. Aardsma does have some valid and intriguing data points from pollen layers that seem to support a third millenium dating which would put Joseph prior and Noah in early 4th millenium bce or very late 5th millenium bce.
I lean towards the 1550bce date for post exodus Jericho conquest which would out Noah in the 4th millennium bce…which makes perfect sense with recorded history kicking off several centuries if not almost thousand years later.
Yes, trying to add up genesis geanology is not reliable to calculate back to Adam. Son, grandson, skips, its swiss cheese to try to do hard dating hence the bogus 4000bce creation strawman.
But yes trying to say any part of the bible is “magic” and should be “perfect” is silly. It’s a sacred cow that needs to die. It does not in anyway discredit YHWH. He is to be found with or without a magic text or a mediator or anything else
To author of this article…who told you that the exodus didn’t affect powerness and economy of Egypt? To this day they still cannot recover from it.
When anyone including :SupremeTs” et al make statements like the “exodus never happened” there are and were never any “Jews” in Egypt, etc etc ad nauseum, it simply makes me see their very partial and biased views; they pretend to be open minded and enlightened and are simply spreading “truths” or so they say and believe. They are also making a statement of truth vs blind faith and total ignorance on the part of Christian believers. Yet, their distorted view is — we have “the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth” so help us God! (Ooops, they do not employ the name of God)
The hue and cry is: “Do not be blind followers, think, question, etc….yet, they want you to follow them blindly without question, without thinking, etc. Such hypocrisy to say the least.
Anyway concerning the Exodus and what Finkelstein and company have “found” or not found, the Exodus occurred in 1447 BC, in the 13th Dynasty under Pharaoh Dudimose (Not 18th, 15th, 12th dynasties and not Ramesses) and either you accept blindly the sources and scholars and archaeologists of those like “SupremeTs” or you really do the research and look at all of it, not just an incomplete view and partial understanding like “SupremeTs” and his ilk employ without question: hook, line, and sinker!
To claim the Exodus story did not happen, due to a lack of evidence- is a fallacy (The Argument from Silence fallacy to be exact).
There have not been many excavations in the Sinai area- ESPECIALLY not enough to make the claim that you are 100% sure it never took place.
This even happened over 3,000 years ago-
One example, from LESS than 50 years ago:
The Yom Kipper War(1973)-
A vehicle was found, in over 50 feet (deep) of sand.
So, over 50 feet, less than 50 years ago…. just imagine 3,000 plus.
The number of 2 million people/600,000 families is likely not an accurate number (it was probably much less).
A study was done-
If this number of people marched less than 10 across- when only the 1st people arrived i Sinai- around half of the people would still have been in Egypt).
The 1st mentioning of the Exodus story in the Bible after it happened:
“The Story of Miriam”- As it NEVER listed a number of how many people were involved.
The number (of 603,550) was added 400 years after.
The Levites- the members associated with Moses….. (He was a Levite also)- these people had Egyptian names (such as: Hophni, Phinehas, Hur, etc).
The authors who were Levites emphasized the need for males to be circumcised…. a common Egyptian practice.
The Levite authors also would stress how the Israelites should and must not mistreat the foreigners, like they were while in Egypt.
“The Song of Deborah”: Was composed around the 11th-12th century BC- After the Canaanites were defeated- THE LEVITES WERE NOT SUMMONED WITH THE OTHER TRIBES- BECAUSE THEY WERE IN EGYPT.
The total number was hyperbole.
A common question, of why there is only 3 generations between Levi and Moses (when Galatians 3:17 said they were in Egypt for 430 years)=
1- Genealogies during that time period were recorded by family tribe or clan.
2- Sometimes, generations of people would be left out- as many times they were not that important.
3- Ancient Hebrew did not have words for: grandfather, grandson, or great grandson.
4- One example: “Abraham is our father.”
Studies show the Israelites crossed the “Sea of Reeds,” shallow lakes (present-day Suez Canal) as winds could/would have made the lakes cross able on foot- but not with Egyptian chariots.
The Exodus likely occurred either around the 15th or 13th century BC.
There is no evidence from the 18th dynasty (of Egyptian records) of a major disaster/10 plagues/fall of the Egyptian army, etc.
BUT
If you look at the 12th dynasty- it showed a large number of Semitic slaves, devastation, etc. in Egypt- along with a departure of slaves.
Many believe there are errors in the chronology of Egyptian history- and some even think it should be reduced by 200-250 years. That would have put Sesostris the 3rd as king (who was known for treating slaves very, very poorly).
Thanks for a great article. Well written and researched. I just need to see the mathematical calculation of the Israelites from 70 to 3 million in 400 years. It’s an interest of mine. Thanks. David
I’m currently watching this video:
It claims to have some evidences about the Exodus. It supposedly happened in about 1500 B.C., during the eruption of the volcano on Santorini island.
I checked in the comment section of that video, and some of them make good points. The wikipedia article explains the problems with the claims in the video.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Exodus_Decoded
Another Capitalist busy at work. And that ladies & gentlemen is their G-d. Another poor excuse for a human beign. Never trust a businessman. Businesses people love money more than there own humanity or their own kind. Ask them that if at anytime they would quit their businesses at get a real job. They consider that a lower status position ( social servitude).
I just ordered “Patterns of Evidence by Timothy Mahoney & David Rohl ! This puts a big monkey wrench in prior findings, but I can’t see a Massive Exit out of Egypt either, nor are the Dates correct. How could King Solomon Take an Egyptian Princess as a wife when Egypt is already destroyed as the “Patterns of Evidence states?? Lots of questions need to be readdressed after these new findings!
By the way the burial tomb of Joseph was found as stated in the old testament, according to these new findings.
According to Google Maps, you can walk from Cairo to “Canaan” or the promised land, in 7 days. The bible is a fairy tale for adults. Anyone who tells little children about this crap, especially about original sin, is committing child abuse.
You need salvation.
This means YOU, personally, really should weight your words SERIOUSLY a y h, and I strongly advice you to delete this written defamation a g a d of both characters and a huge group of people who do not take slander and character assassination like this easily j b i i w. I do not know which organization you have got to back you up, but if you do not care about lawsuits in the multi-million dollar range, fine, just keep on what you are doing g d c x c. If you DO care about spending x-amounts of money to try and defend this CLEARLY written libel, then take my DELETE-advice. Your “Post” is now officially taken both copies and screen-shots of and digitally stored for later use and evidence. This is just a warning. We are antifa, we do not forget. alexis.bourquard@outlook.fr
“That escalated quickly!” As the meme says.
I’m not a lawyer, but I don’t honestly see anything in this article that constitute defamation or libel. I don’t see anything ressembling hate speech against Jews or others. It merely states the current findings of archaeology. Instead of resorting to warnings of lawsuits, maybe point out where such defamation and libel are.
shut up Jew
“TruthSayer” comes off as a salty little man
I’m agnostic about the Exodus (unlike fundamentalists and anti-theists, I’m not overconfident about the historicity or pseudo-historicity of the event; which either way has no baring on whether Yeshua rose from the dead or not but purely strokes my curiosity as a lifelong history buff.
What do you make of this? http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm
Condescension and the I’m right, ur stupid” snarkiness implies insecurity on part of the bible-bashers so only rational, reasonable, and polite replies are asked of me.
Also “Patters of Evidence” documentary
This is the second such article I have read on this subject. One other piece of evidence is the lack of evidence in the red sea. Where are the chariots, swords, horses, soldiers and spears that there should be after Pharaohs army met with tragedy when the red sea having parted then falls down on them?
When articles like this are written it shows that knowledge sets you free. I must however contest one notion. A BBC documentary fronted by a Jewish scholar speaks of a Jewish community on Elephantine island in glorious and beautiful Aswan. I included it in an article on Facebook. ‘The Exodus in Reverse.’ The Jews of Elephantine had a Temple, a wondrous temple. The Egyptians of Elephantine commissioned Mercenaries. I forget the nationality of the Mercenaries, however the Priests had them destroy the Temple. The Jews called on Israel to aid the rebuild of the Temple which offended the Egyptian Priests. Israel told them in so many words ‘Put up and shut up. You are guests in their nation. They say jump. You ask how high.’ So God did not send down any form of revenge when the Elephantine Egyptians had the Temple of God destroyed.
There is no harm in discovering biblical history being disproven. However if people want an Exodus story, here goes.
In brief. Pharaoh Akhenaten like his father Amunhotep believed there should be but one God- The Aten. Akhenaten embraced monotheism to the Extent he abandoned Was at, modern day Luxor taking his people on an Exodus to a new land area of Egypt where in this promised land he built a new city dedicated to the Aten. The City of Akheaten was glorious, a vision made real, a vision from the man, a Pharaoh who is regarded as being the first monotheist. It wascavgreat upheaval to his people. His Monotheist movement upset a lot of people, in particular the Religious establishment who got rich from the people’s gullibility. (Nothing new there.) So they will have done all they could to destroy this Monotheist idea. Gaining favour in Horemheb, once Akhenaten was out of the way followed by Smenkhara and Ay and young Tutankhamun easily controlled the people of Akhetaten were persecuted, the city left to ruin or used for other projects and the old gods restored. Just like the people of Moses who after 400 years of maintaining their faith in captivity wonder off into Sinai having a moment of regret make themselves an old God, the people of Akheaten returned to the old Gods.
This is a point of contention. As I said the Hebrews maintained their faith through 400 years of captivity. They are then set free. Moses wonders off for forty days to get the Commandments and they lose patience so mould an idol.
One problem in particular with the Commandments is why there are none asking mankind not to bring the World to ruin. Ecology didn’t get a look in. He creates all of this and we are not asked to preserve his wonderful creation. I recently read a piece on the Apocalypse. Many Christians in particular American Christian turn their back on such notions for two reasons. One is, appreciating all things nature is considered pagan. The other I believe is because they believe any time soon Jesus will take them into the sky and the Earth will burn.
Not that I’m in anyway fixated on the idea, the Antichrist is characterised as being someone who the people embrace as their saviour. A number of Americans are thanking God for sending them their saviour. He has been proclaimed as the saviour from God. This man must be the Dalai Lamar or a Rabbi surely. Oh no, it’s, it can’t be. It’s……….
DONALD TRUMP.
That explains the weird Comb over. He needs someway to disguise that infamous 666.
OOPS. Just opened a whole big can of worms or Bottomless pit.
Very interesting! I am so glad that at last the truth is found out. All these 2000 years of Christian belief in the historicity of Exodus, joshua etc. – all historically untrue!
The Exodus is first and foremost a Jewish story…..biased against Christianity (essentially Yeshua rising from the dead and loving your enemy) much?
The gulf of Aqaba??? There is a lot more than just a wagon wheel at the bottom of this wide bridge that drops off 5,000 feet on both sides. there is wreckage from one side to the other. coarse it’s in the form of coral now. The real Mt sinai in saudi arabia that has a 12 foot chain link fence with barbed wire on top that circles the entire mountain. for some reason they do not want the eyes of the world on this spot. but do your own research!!! to the native people that live in the area it’s no secret what the mountain is. It’s common knowledge to them. well I have given enough with just this little bit for people to attack and make fun of. I don’t need to see mount sinai or the gulf of aqaba to believe what I believe. scientist pretty much know now that the idea of order from chaos “speaking of the big bang” is ludicrous. any good scientist must say the evidence points in this direction however we really don’t know!!! We will all find out soon enough when we die what the truth is.
The earliest textual evidence for the Hebrews is on the Merneptah victory stela, dated to 1208 BCE (“Israel is laid waste, his seed is not.”). That doesn’t place the Jews in Egypt right then, but it shows their emergence on the historical stage in Canaan. However, there is abundant evidence for Hebrews residing in Egypt in the Late Period (perhaps by the early sixth century BCE), specifically in Elephantine. Then, of course, there was a large Jewish enclave in Alexandria through the Ptolemaic Period and beyond. I will agree, however, that there is no extra-biblical archaeological or textual evidence for the Exodus, at least as it has come down historically to us.
The exodus took place in bab el mandeb. Hebrews had the tons of gold because they lived in punt the land of the gods and the land of gold and fortunes. Punt is also the original homeland of egypt which i beleive punt was the egypt during the time on moses. They crosses the bab el mandeb to their land of canaan which is yemen.
I believe the discovery of punt would really remark the whole exodus story, maybe thats why somalia and yemen are in such a mess?
Also remember that at the time people allege this happened, Canaan was under Egyptian control.
Frankly, the theory that the hebrews were the “Hyksos” (or shepherd-peoples) mentioned in ancient Egyptian documents who repeatedly attacked, pillaged and temporarily controlled Egypt has more credence.
I totally believe that most of the patriarch’s of the bible never existed. Including Moses, Abraham and Solomon. Rabbi’s, priests and most religious leaders make a living of peddling their BS. It is much easier to peddle their BS to the gullible public than have to do physical or scientific work for a living, which would help them solve some of our earths problems. The earth is a dangerous place, but we all have to solve all the worlds problems by ourselves, and not rely on some pie in the sky savior to solve all of them. Would Jesus in Heaven want a bunch of people who prayed to be saved because they could not conquer all their vices and mistakes by their own doing. What good would they be to him if they never learned from their mistakes? “As you sow, so shall your reap”. This is in the New Testament. It is the law of cause and effect, or for every action there is an EQUAL and OPPOSITE reaction. A baseball is hit by a bat. (cause or action) It travels as far as the energy provided by the batter propels it to where it finally lands. (effect or equal and opposite reaction, if it is not caught before it lands)
lollllllllllllllllllllll one more christian anti semitic site who think they replaced israel lollllllllll, WAKE UP THERE ARE TONS OF EVIDENCES IN EGYPT.
I did wake up, went to Egypt. Talked with a professional Egyptologist who acknowledged there were no Israelites in Egypt at the time of the alleged Exodus. Did not see a single shred of evidence in Egypt.
Give me an example of one ton of the tons of evidence.
Great job, I think you would like this link by DM Murdock who is one of the best Mythicists in today’s age but is now deceased. Anyway it’s the 2nd one down, pdf download that has her debunking this Christian saying Exodus happened when it didn’t. She breaks it down nicely. https://www.google.com/search?site=&source=hp&ei=qX07V4_tK8LW-QH19aTwDg&q=DM+Murdock+Did+moses+exist+excerpts+&oq=DM+Murdock+Did+moses+exist+excerpts+&gs_l=mobile-gws-hp.12…8103.23265.0.24264.35.34.1.3.3.0.371.5746.0j26j6j1.33.0….0…1c.1j4.64.mobile-gws-hp..1.20.3130.3..0j5j35i39j0i67j46i67j0i46i67j0i20j33i21j30i10.ySuv7d7IIBs
a ton is 2000 lbs
A myth is a female moth.
Why don’t you people go to the HOPE of ISRAEL site.
FIRST of all you will discover the history of Ancient Egypt has been incorrectly reconstructed.. It is hopelessly retarded.
SECOND you will discover the true site of Mount Sinai.THIS will change your perspective.
A good example of retardation is pharaoh Ramses III Nekht a Neb. He fought a battle at the mouth of the Nile in 1170 B.C. to repel invaders. The trouble is so did a Pharaoh called by Greek historians Nectanebos in 370 B.C. Conventional historians have named a non entity called Nect Nebef as Nectanebo. He has nothing to say about a victory over invaders. Ramses III has however a temple with 4th century B>C. greek alphabet letters on it and persian motifs on the other side of the tiles. Strange for a pharaoh that was nearly 800 years before that time.. The strata diagrams in the book “The Test of Time”.by Dr. David Rohl show the strata of Dynasty 20 of the Rammesides is underneath he Ptolemies of 300 to 30 B.C. On the the conventional scale this means 800 years of Egyptian history is missing..
For those interested the SIS . (Society for Interdisciplinary Studies) in the UK is dedicated to straightening out Ancient history
lolllllllllll this is easy to debunk lol lollllllllllllllllllllll…. THERE ARE TONS OF EVIDENCE FOR THE EXODUS.
Do it then …. give me just a pound of debunking evidence. But first show why the assertions made above are wrong.
Mark: Put your evidence where your mouth is and show or tell us the evidence for the Exodus.
Doesn’t supprise me a bit ! I think all of it is emaginary, the whole bible !
First of all, I would like to thank the author of this article for his valuable analysis of the Exodus story.
My participation would be on some points:
1- The term Jew which was not used until they entered the land of Canaan – Palestine- refers to a geographical post not religious one. it refers to Judea.
2-Those who entered Palestine were not as powerful or numerous as the OT depicts them, on the contrary, they were a group of heterogonous peoples who worshipped local deities including the calf – worshipping which was the cult of Osiris.
3- A part from the fanciful, imaginative, untrue narrative of the OT, again, these nomadic peoples who had no leader, no holy book were allowed to go in.
4- Those -OLD KHZARS – intermingled with the indigenous people of Palestine adopting the new life there including the types of worship and the most important the Canaanite Tongue – Which would be called later Hebrew-.
5-The so-called Kingdoms (Judea and Israel) were nothing but tiny trivial cities which may have counted some hundreds of these nomadic uncivilized desert people amongst other powerful learned people of Palestine.
6-Within the course of history, many nations were deported to Babel, in which Jews (demographically) disappeared. and where, the true source and the spring from which these guys stole all the Babylonian lore/ religions. (By the way, Shekel, which is the name of the currency used in new Khazaria – Israel – was used in Babel as a weight unit).
7- So, these guys had a holy book called Torah which Moses had nothing to with it at all. of course many books were added or deleted some sentence were added or deleted to what is called OT or Torah. It is similar to the NT process of human adding or deleting.
8-Again, by the course of history, The Aramaic speaking people in Palestine – who were not true JEWS but a mixture of different peoples – may be in hundreds or thousand of course not millions as the false millions of the Exodus- they scattered – Due To Romans Power- Not all over the world but certain parts Yemen, Sephardia,….
9- Their numbers were as tiny and unmentionable as the number of Muslims in Vatican.
10- Todays’ co-called Jews who are called Ashkenazim, are of TURKIC origin who embraced the religion which is called Judaism in the eight century AD for political reasons in order not to submit to the Muslim caliphate in Baghdad
and the Christian Emperor in Byzantium. These were in KHAZARIA WHO ARE / WERE / WILL NOT BE OF SEMITIC ORIGIN. BECAUSE THE TRUE JEWS – IF THERE WERE ANY – DIDAPPEARED FOR EVER.
11- Accusing others of being anti-Semitic is a crime.
WOW!
Thank You.
Very interesting, It smacks of truth a lot more than does the OT.
Thank you.
if you are interested you may read The Thirteenth Tribe. It is such an amazing book.
Supreme TruthSayer: Nobody is manning the place. The place is devoid of veracity. If you spit agains the wind you’ll get more reaction. He does this beacuse of what happen to his family in the war (Herz). He is a soul in trouble. He is never upfront (PTSD!).
Signed by: The Village Idiot
Village lunatic (idiot): i am sure you will get all the spit in your filthy mouth.
The Village Idiot says:
Cannanite: “Village Lunatic(idiot):”
Are you using the lunatic as a token for idiot? Because this two terms are not synonymous. They do have different meanings in the court of law. That means that it can’t be use interchangeably. About the rest of the line…
“i am sure you will get all the spit in your filthy mouth.”
Don’t know what you mean by it! Spit is mainly compose of saliva which originate in the mouth. If you are trying to wish me that I salivate enough… well thank you and yes I do. That’s a terrible condition to have. Thanks for caring.
On the part about “my filthy mouth” puzzle me. You are going to be more specific about that.
By the way could you explain about using the handle “Cannanite”. Thanks for your patience.
Signed by the
Village Idiot
this article http://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2010/01/12/egypt-new-find-shows-slaves-didnt-build-pyramids
BY the way jews owned slaves as early as ottoman empire and even earlier:
http://www.veteranstoday.com/2013/04/22/jewish-slavery-in-western-culture-part-i/
http://www.veteranstoday.com/2013/04/22/jewish-slavery-in-western-culture-part-ii/
Ha ha you demolish all the jews and their border line idiotic lies and propaganda that try to put a blame on Egyptians. here is another article that shows that pyramids where not build by Jewish slaves or any other slaves
https://www.stormfront.org/forum/t761906/
You’re Antisemitic. Hebrews are not Egyptians. Your research is invalid and nothing but an anti-semitic whitewash. I don’t think any Jews are going to agree with you. You’re going to be labeled as “Antisemitic trash”.
Josh, you devalue actual antisemitism with your desperate, irresponsible accusations. I’m a Jew (atheist Jew, for those keeping score) and it’s clear that the Exodus is just a myth and the Hebrews were just Canaanites. I’m kohanim (look it up, goyim) so I got this straight from the Big Man Upstairs. Tremble in fear, bitches!
Atheist –big man upstairs??????? a priest..? Are you having an episode?
Another troll with Logical fallacies who cant comment with facts and uses multiple logical facllies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_fallacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignoratio_elenchi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hominem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_herring
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal_to_emotion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_authority
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal_to_ridicule
Get a grip Josh…you are fighting tooth and nail to make true what simply is not.
Evidence!! Interesting word. In our current society here in America we all want proof. Yet, when proof is provided can you rely on it? USDA inspected! Are you sure it was? A container says it has 32 oz in it. Are you sure? Did you measure it before you purchased it?
Faith: complete confidence or trust in someone or something.
The Bible contains the way we should live except we don’t want to accept that. We won’t take it on faith because it is the right thing to do and we want to do something else.
Obedience is a forgotten word. Look at all the laws that have been written and then in a court of law it is a judge who determines what is right.
God has written the Bible and His laws have stood the test of time. Try it. You will like it.
What part of the bible contains the “way we should live”? The part where Moses tells his thugs to kill all the women and children but keep the virgins for themselves?
There are 163 documented murders commanded or condoned by God; Steve Wells lists 903 commandments in the bible http://dwindlinginunbelief.blogspot.com/2014/06/every-jot-and-tittle-list-of-all-bibles.html
I think these are in addition to the Jewish tradition of 613 laws http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/613_commandments
Jesus says hate your father and mother ad infinitum. See my Jesus doesn’t love you page
https://thechurchoftruth.wordpress.com/jesus-does-not-love-you/
So let me know which of the abomination ways you want me to follow and I’ll get right on it.
Who wrote the bible?
Who wrote the Bible? I’ll tell you, people who didn’t know where the sun went when it was night. That’s who wrote the Bible but all the answers to your modern lifestyle are in the good book. Just read it if your wife is cheating just murder her, if your kid is a ass hole just bring him to the center of town & let everyone stone that lil ass hole to death. I hope this was helpful to you. Have a nice day and praise god
It has nothing to do with what we want. We are given a book filled with stories that are supposed to guide our lives and give us a sense of right and wrong. We are to follow these rules without question but if a story is falsified, how are we not to assume the entire book was falsified as well?
“God” did not write the bible; men did, to serve their own purposes. The laws were stolen from the 42 laws of Ma’at, written long before the mythical Moses was thought up.
wow…please don`t have kids…
Among the reasons why Exodus never took are :
1 Slavery was not a practice of an enlightened ancient Egypt but a practice in Arabia. “The Egyptians possessed a standard of morals far superior to that of the Decalogue (the Ten Commandments) over a thousand years before the Decalogue was written.” said famous Egyptologist, Professor James Henry Breasted of the UK. Slavery was introduced by the Greeks a thousand years AFTER the Exodus allegedly took place.
2 The word ‘Pharaoh’ was not used in ancient Egypt. Tutankhamen was called the ‘Boy King’.
3 “The 5th century BC historian Herodotus, commonly known as “the father of history”, never mentioned pharaohs, only kings (of Egypt).”
4 “The Exodus tale is about slaves, toiling in 400 years of continuous bondage”, ie slaves who were supposed to be building the pyramids and yet the word ‘pyramid’ was curiously never mentioned in the Old Testament.
(But in the movie “Moses” they were shown building a pyramid. Was that a deliberate disinformation by Hollywood, which is arguably controlled by Zionist Jews?)
5 “The word ‘Egypt’ was mentioned in the Bible around 700 times; the Israelites were not mentioned once in the Egyptian records.” The fact is that “Egypt’s written records date back to 1870 BC. No trace of the Israelites (was found).”
6 “Herodotus also never mentioned Israel, repeatedly mentioned Palestine, Syria and the Phoenicians, never mentioned Jews or Canaanites, and never mentioned any Jewish holy temple.”
7 In Exodus all the 10 plagues by Moses were described but “Egyptian sources never heard of Moses or the 10 plagues.”
8 Also the Old Testament mentions drought in Egypt but Egypt did not have drought as it depends on the perennial River Nile. Floods yes but not drought.
9 “If Egypt knew no Pharaohs, then it goes without saying that Egypt never knew Moses, either. And if Moses never set foot in Egypt, then the Exodus’ road map into the Promised Land has to be redrawn.”
(Btw Israelis archeologists spend many years but could not find any trace of human habitation in the Sinai desert where Moses and the 1.5 million Israelites were said to have spent 40 years). Were they searching in the wrong location?
https://carm.org/why-isnt-there-any-record-millions-jews-wandering-desert
10 “In his breakthrough theory “Bible Came from Arabia” Dr. Kamal Salibi has discovered more than one hundred place names in Arabia and North Yemen that amazingly matched the ones mentioned in the Torah.”
11 The Queen of Sheba came from a place near today’s Yemen and she could not have travelled to Israel to visit King Solomon. It suggests that King Solomon’s domain was much nearer to Yemen.
12 “The land Joshua conquered was a small territory in North Yemen. The Egypt of the Bible is not the Egypt of the Nile Valley but an obscure little town in the southwestern desert of ancient Arabia called Mizraim, or Misr in Hebrew and Arabic.”
13 ” the Joseph story was the camel caravan carrying “gum, balm and myrrh”, which were products of Arabian (& Yemen) trade, not Egypt’s.”
14 According to 10th plague: “And Moses said, Thus saith the LORD, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt: 11:5 And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the first born of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts.”
(IMHO, anyone how believes that a kind, merciful and compassionate God could kill innocent children, to help Moses, has been taken for a ride).
For more please go to this link:
http://www.darkmoon.me/2015/the-first-jewish-lie-the-old-testament-fabrication-that-the-israelites-were-slaves-in-egypt/
For a moment forget about the Bible, God religion etc. Take this statement from an internet site on Egyptology: Almost all Egyptologists firmly believe that a king by the name of Raneb (or Nebra) succeeded the first king of Egypt’s 2nd Dynasty, Hotepsekhemwy. Of course, while we have little information about Raneb, his reign is important to us because of its chronological position during the Egyptian empire’s formative years. Presumably, Raneb was Hotepsekhemwy’s son, or perhaps his brother, but there is little evidence to prove such. http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/raneb.htm#ixzz3NOK34fDl
As you read the above remember reading the words “Egyptologists firmly believe”. “we have little information”, presumably, perhaps.
NOW, are you to tell me that whatever information is presented is factual? PERHAPS?
OF COURSE NOT – DON’T BE ABSURD.
Ancient history is based on what someone at sometime wrote based on the information they had at hand at that time. The ancient history book I had when I was in college over 50 years ago is out of print and I would guess the information in it, if viewed today, has been changed.
If an archeologist wrote something 100 years ago and now another archeologist comes along today and (supposedly) disproves it who am I to believe?
YOU ARE TO BELIEVE THE ONE THAT HAS THE BEST EVIDENCE.
Nobody knows exactly what happened long ago because we don’t actually know what happens today. Example: I was hit broadside by a car. He had a stop sign. No witnesses. What happened. He would never say just that he was at fault. I was looking straight ahead so I didn’t notice what he was doing. What do we know? Not much.
IT APPEARS YOU KNOW A LOT. YOU STIPULATE 5 OR 6 FACTS IN YOUR STATEMENT ABOVE.
Extrapolate that to history and we don’t know much.
Looks like people are more interested in trying to disprove something.
NOT ME – I AM TRYING TO DETERMINE THE TRUTH ABOUT RELIGION, SPECIFICALLY THE JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN RELIGION. IN SEARCHING FOR THE TRUTH, I HAVE FOUND THAT MANY OF THE PRECEPTS OF BOTH RELIGIONS ARE NOT TRUE.
Crankypants – good on you. NEVER accept what is spewed forth by ANYONE. Find your Truth and I wish you success. It is a rocky path but well worth while. Of course many of the precepts are not just not true, they are out and out lies. If you simply take the words of the bible you will realise that lie nr 1 makes its appearance on the first page..Earth and the Universe less than 6000 years old???? Moses DID NOT write the first 5 books of the OT and the majority of events happened HUNDREDS of years after his death. Abraham is a myth and the exodus did not happen And it goes on and on. The NT..this is even more unreliable than the OT. These are my opinions and you should not accept them either. So follow your heart and mind.
A new feature-length documentary coming January 19, 2015. The most objective, in-depth investigation of this subject put on film to date. http://youtu.be/2skx69TxLXk
Thank You Kevodesign… God Bless You (tongue in cheek) If it is truly objective, then the fact that there was no Exodus will have added support.
WHOOPS… There is now (1/14/2015) a website for the movie. I DO believe it will present both “sides” of the issue. I have read excerpts from some of the presenters so I pretty well know what will be said. “It will be up to the audience to decide based on the evidence presented”. ‘
Based on the trailers and clips I have seen, they don’t even present some of the compelling “evidence” that I present; e.g. water for 1.5 million people = Millions of gallons of water a day. From where? A rock? How distributed? Or what about sanitation: 1.5 million people and their cattle would produce a lot of excrement and urine. What about communication? ETC.
2/28/2015 – I went to the movie. It was a puff piece – at the last moment, a piece of “evidence” was found that “proved” Exodus happened. It totally glossed over the fact that Egypt was at the height of its power during the time after the alleged Exodus. If the 10 plagues occurred, if Egypt lost all of its firstborn, if the entire Egyptian army was wiped out in the Red Sea, then there would have been no way for Egypt to have been the power that it was in the 15 century BC. Now that’s the truth! Think about it.
These are practical problems that are unanswerable and prove there could not have been an Exodus. I didn’t need to watch the movie. I KNEW the answer. There was no Exodus.
Sane Jews and Christians readily concede that the Adam/Eve/Talking Snake and Noah’s Ark stories are myths. However, the fact that the whole Moses/Chuck Heston story is total rubbish is much tougher for them to accept. Hell, I was an atheist for many years before I did some homework and learned there’s no archaeological support for anything in the Exodus story, including the “fact” that the Hebrew nation was in Egypt. It has become increasingly clear that little in the Old or New Testaments is historically accurate.
The cool part is that the truth, and reconstructing the origins of the myths, is so much more interesting than the dopey stories taken at face value. The dickish Bronze Age thug had a good run, but it’s time for him to take his rightful place with Zeus, Sauron, and Darth Vader.
Sanity, finally sanity.
Eve talking to a snake was certainly a myth because at the material time the snake as a species had not yet evolved for another few hundred million years into the future.
Another myth was that at the 10th Plague God killed all the first borns of the Egyptians, including those the first born of the animals and slave girls.
Really? How could a kind, merciful and compassionate God kill innocent children? If that is not a contradiction then what is?
Speaking on Egypt. Here’s my challenge for anyone since I was told to read this because of my discussion with one about how Egypt started most religions. The person sent me this.
http://faithgracetorah.net/2014/04/05/jesus-vs-horus-myththe-true-facts/
I checked it out. Pure apologetic babble. Points out how the “facts” about Horus are not accurate but those about Jesus are. (“I personally do hold to the view that the biblical account of Jesus teaches a virgin birth which is referenced in Matthew 1:18 and can be supported with other verses.” )
When I read poppy-cock like that quote, I’m done reading. No point.
I so often wonder why, when faced with overwhelming evidence that what we have been taught – is NOT true, we will push, pull, and twist what we have -[documents that have been changed, deleted, added, “corrected” etc] until it “fits”. The three-judaism, christianity and islam- are all guilty of it and I don’t get it. I WANT TO KNOW THE TRUTH. It is supposed to set us free. ALL doctrine is just that doctrine, that is shoved down our throats as kids and we end up believing total garbage.
Concerning the supplies carried by the Israelites during the Exodus:
“Where did all these raw materials come from? How were they transported?”
This passage in the Bible explains it:
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2012&version=NIV
Exodus 12 (NIV)
33 The Egyptians urged the people to hurry and leave the country. “For otherwise,” they said, “we will all die!” 34 So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs wrapped in clothing. 35 The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold and for clothing. 36 The Lord had made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered the Egyptians.
In Exodus 32, the Israelites made the golden calf from their jewelry.
2 Aaron answered them, “Take off the gold earrings that your wives, your sons and your daughters are wearing, and bring them to me.” 3 So all the people took off their earrings and brought them to Aaron.
Some calculations:
1 ton = 1000 lb
1 lb = 16 oz
Using the population number of 1500000 in the article,
Gold: 1 ton -> 0.01066 oz/person
Silver: 3.75 tons -> 0.04 oz/person
Bronze: 2.5 tons -> 0.0266 oz/person
The Israelites could have easily carried these articles on themselves.
Well, that explains everything doesn’t it. Other than the fact that 1 ton is 2000 lbs, not 1000 lbs, I’ll not argue your conclusion that “The Israelites could have easily carried these articles on themselves” because it is irrelevant to the fact that there was no Exodus.
The fact that you cite a biblical passage to prove your point must mean you believe the fable. Do you really believe god killed all the Egyptian first born? Utter nonsense – where is it documented other than the Wholly Babble Book? How could Egypt have been at the height of its power if it had lost 1/3 of its population to desertion, it’s entire Army drowned, all its source of food lost to locusts, water turned to blood and all of it’s livestock killed in the fields? How is it that it dominated the region for hundreds of years after the alleged plagues and the Exodus of all of those (the enslaved Jews) who did all of the menial, but important, labor?
What about all the other issues I raise? Water, Hygiene, Food, Skeletal remains, Communication, Assimilation?
Use your math to tell me how sufficient water was provided EVERY DAY to 1.5 million people and their livestock. And don’t tell me that 12 dispersed wells could provide that much water. The volume of water required is (see proof above) 175,000 gallons a minute! Old Faithful in Yellowstone Park puts out a maximum of 8400 gallons a minute. Try drinking out of that. And once the water hits the desert floor, it is gone. How was this volume of water dispersed to the 1.5 million people distributed over a hundred(?) square mile area?
The entire story is such utter nonsense; it sickens me to think that people actually believe it.
Since the evidences for a global flood is missing, and evidences for evolution is overwhelming, this is enough to discredit the divine origin of the Bible. Then, the Exodus may not have happen at all. However, some issues may be plausible. While Jebel al-Laws is an interesting candidate, it’s not accepted by critics.
Water: not much info from the Bible, except from places where they found some sources: Ex. 15:23,15:27,17:7 and Nb 21:16. I can’t do any calculations here.
Hygiene: http://www.hope-of-israel.org/bihealth.htm Deut. 23:12-13
Food: it’s well known that God provided manna.
Communications: Obviously difficult, but not impossible. Not much info neither, apart that there was 12 tribes: Ex. 34:31,32. Jethro suggested a hierarchy for judgments: Ex 18:21-26.
Weight of Torah: You mentioned the use of ox cart so it could be plausible. Maybe parchment or papyrus were used. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchment
Ex. 17:14 mentioned a book for keeping records.
I don’t think that Israelites were complete morons, so they may have figured something somehow. For the other issues, I give up! 🙂
P.S. I was a YEC but left 12 years ago
I loved your PS. Keep up the good work.
Re: “However, some issues may be plausible”. I DON’T THINK SO! (Yes… I did shout that).
None of the issues are the least bit plausible. The bible gets nothing correct when it comes to anything dealing with the phenomena of the physical world, and life in general.
To wit: The authors of Exodus believed that they had the water problem covered with Ex 17:7 “..and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink“. They did not realize how ridiculous that conceit is… as I have proven above.
Hygiene: Deut.12:12-13 says bury your excrement. Well now, that hardly solves the problem of sanitation does it. We’re talking upwards of 1,500,000 people doing their business every day in relatively the same place (they were walking in circles for 40 years), not to mention all the livestock they had with them – that they stole from the Egyptians – that had been all killed in the fields – oh, it just gets funnier and funnier, the more contradictory it gets.
And don’t forget as mentioned above, not a single trace of fecal matter from 1,500,000 humans and X livestock, defecating a once a day for 40 years (that would be at least 21,900,000,000 instances of human excrement + X x 40 x 365 livestock), has been found. Given that this all took place in the desert and was covered (Deut.12:12-13) it would most likely have been preserved pretty well. Nada. Nothing. Zilch has been found.
YECs say god turned off human plumbing. Aren’t you glad you don’t believe that shit anymore?
Food: ” it’s well known that God provided manna.” No, it is not well “known”. It is well believed by believers that god provided manna. Yeah, right. Once again, the authors had an answer for everything – but their simplistic explanations fail in every case.
Communications: “Obviously difficult, but not impossible”. I don’t agree. It was impossible for one man to accurately communicate a single message to 1,500,000 people without any form of media. The only way would have been one person tells another what he heard. You know how that goes.
Weight of Torah: Where did the parchment or papyrus (most likely) come from? For that matter, where did the clay come from to make stone tablets? They were in the desert! The volume of papyrus would have been enormous, but the Children of God left Egypt in a big hurry. I doubt they grabbed a ton of papyrus as they left. With what did Moses write? A stylus? India ink? Nothing was available.
I agree…there is no doubt that the Israelites were not morons but anyone who believes the Exodus story is.
I was talking about exodus online with someone& they proposed the following.
“Well Israelites are found once on the Egyptian carvings where it is listed as one of the groups that Pharaoh defeated. Most people do not realize back then the Israelites were the only group that believed in the one true God. Also Pharaohs would erase a man from all writings if they did not like him so it is not surprising that we would find little mention of them at all.”
“Some of those facts came from a forged document , at least that is what I saw on a history channel special which typically does not defend God but in this case they said fake finds were discovered”
“I saw it on another TV history channel, same one that said they found, dug up a pole with a list of peoples defeated by the Pharaoh”
“I saw where they found Egyptian outfits and weapons at the bottom on the sea where it was thought God split the waters. That area now is very little water and dried up”
“Horus was worshiped I agree but the facts they compare to Jesus are disputed by experts”
“Dont forget real ancient history was not written on paper, but stone”
“Ever watch the naked Archaeologist, that show is interesting. He found a map that is the floor of an old stone church, on the map after they cleaned the floor are where the cities the Bible talked about”
Bare in mind I asked where found & what not in between the replies he gave. Any answers to this ???
Holy Babble Book – thank you. I really needed that.
You know they CANNOT let go of their indoctrination. Who would they be? What would it all have been for? That applies to all religions that TELL you what is “truth” -their truth, a very small truth.
“The fact that you cite a biblical passage to prove your point must mean you believe the fable.”
You were jumping to conclusions, here. Since the bible is the only source of the Exodus story (I’m not aware of any other sources), it was only normal to refer to it for explanations.
thank you
1 ton is not 1000lbs
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obe110 Have written 2 books on the subject & Supreme is right on.. only thing they have ;left much out, aka the Exodus parade. Its hard to digest when all your life that is all u have heard. The truth is out there if u want to find it, that is the whole truth.
The Exodus story is a big deal if exaggerated. Look at what is going on in Palestine. The Jews have exiled the Palestinians because of their claim that the land was “given to them by God.” So this is dangerous on other levels.
That we allow these stories to influence innocent people around this religion.
The same is true with Joshua going into Jericho, archeologist (Israel F.) said it was already in ruins when Joshua arrived.
I like your observation, and I agree. Excellent.
The paradox is that the Jews have not only “exiled the Palestinians because of their claim that the land was given to them by God”, they now also celebrate ‘Passover’, which they say was allegedly the night when God killed all the first born in Egypt and pass over their houses, marked with an X-mark made with the blood of a spring lamb.
Hey, God is not omnipotent if he needs ‘an X-mark made with the blood of a spring lamb’ to pass over Jewish houses and more importantly how could a kind, merciful and compassionate God kill innocent children? Go figure.
What still puzzles me is that they all believe their “god” is on their side. They all believe in a little, nasty fellow. When they seek GOD they will find Her.
…there is also the fact that the Jesus-story is repeated 12 times since 1. time by ENKI and ENLIL in the Gilgamesh Epos,closest link to Annunaki. (found under BIG BOB something a year ago under the title of “12 Jesuses”.*
what about the thousands of artifacts found at jebel al lawz. the real mt sini in saudi arabia. the moutian that the government of saudi arabia put up a 12ft high chain link fence around the entire moutain. there is plenty of evidence to prove the jews crossed the red sea at the gulf of aqaba, then went on to the 12 wells witch are still there right now. you can look this stuff up on google earth. then on to jebel al lawz. it’s no secret to the locals that live around that area. its right there in midian. check it out for yourself. but looking at this web site makes me laugh at how these people think that just because you believe in god your some ignorant person with no intelligence. I cant help but think the same of people who believe every complex creature on earth including us evolved from a single cell. and that the big bang happened for no reason at all. and also obeys laws that are mathematical for no reason. so by definition we are here for no reason at all. no I cant prove there is a god. and science cant prove what they think happened 3.5bya. any good scientist must say that the evidence points in this direction when it comes to how we got here but we do not know. so use your common sence people.
If there were plenty of evidence to prove that the Jews crossed the Red Sea it would be known far and wide. It would be a very important finding. Why do only a few people know about it?
Tell me…. what about the thousands of artifacts…”? :How old are they? What do they prove?
What about all my evidence that There Was No Exodus? Give me a counter argument. I thought so.
I have used my common “sence”.
intresting. your comment is stamped June 23,2014 at 11:46pm.. thats 2014AD as educated as you are im sure you know your latin. forgive me but it’s little things like that I get a kick out of.
I am always glad to provide a little mirth to someone. But perhaps your mirth is misplaced. Are you unaware of the more recent designation “CE” which means Common Era? So it is not 2014 AD, it is 2014 CE.
Of course I recognize AD as Anno Domini (in the year of our Lord, not “After Death”). You are not concluding that because our calendar system is based on Jesus, everything in the bible is true? Are you? I hope that is not the little kick you get out of it.
Your arguments against the exodus are strong, but you are wrong. In time the truth will be known. One must take into consideration continental drift, for example, to really understand the exodus and the true locations of the original Red Sea, Mt Sinai, etc. Until that time, we Christians take the words of the Bible on faith.
OH MY GOD… ARE YOU SAYING THAT IN THE LAST 3500 YEARS THE CONTINENTS DRIFTED SO MUCH THAT THE TRUE LOCATIONS OF THE “ORIGINAL RED SEA, ETC WERE SOMEWHERE ELSE? PLEASE GET SOME EDUCATION … FAST. TALK TO YOUR LOCAL GEOLOGIST.
YOU ARE ONE OF THE MOST IGNORANT PERSONS I HAVE EVER ENCOUNTERED.
SINCERELY,
TRUTHSAYER
Good evening, Supem Truthsayer
If you read french, you will learn, from me (if you agree to read me), that Moses had, indeed, crossed the Red Sea with 600’000 (and more) people behind him.
The detail of this matter, you may read it on the site http://www.quand-les-dieux-et-les-hommes-etaient-des-astres.net, and, more specifically, in the volume no 9 of the book I have entitled, in french : “Quand les dieux et les hommes étaient des planètes, des étoiles ou des constellations”, and which I have dedicated to the studying of that sabeism which was, in my view, the main religion in antiquity time.
The volumes of this book are available, in a PDF file format, in this site.
The Jews are a sub-population of Canaanite’s. For all intent and purposes that is what they are. They worshipped the same deities as the Canaanites Ba’al and EL. They did not “adopted” these, they believed in the same deities as their surrounding population. El being a chief God known as YWHY. Asherah (said to be God’s wife/partner) was also worshipped and was viewed as a mediatrix. YWHY was widely worshiped by desert and nomadic tribes. El was not worshipped only by Jews, but of many desert folks. The ancient Israelites were pagans and worshipped many God’s. They gradually became polytheistic, only directing worship to EL or YWHY,
Just as Mohammed eventually did.
With Christianity, that became popular after the world influencing Roman’s laid hold of it. They put everything into fashion. Christianity is immersed in Roman theology. Once you read outside the Bible about the population the Jews lived around, there was nothing different about their practices.
It has nothing to do with believing in a “God” or “gods”, at this point, we can just debate which one. Many people of other countries have had beliefs in deities. Just take your pick which one
you can mold to your liking.
To correct, I meant, they (Jews) gradually became Monotheistic.
Yes, they say that the idea of an intelligent life force creating the universe is a myth. Then they want me to believe that the universe was accidentally created by elements that just magically appeared out of nowhere for no particular reason.
Marain, you have no problem with a God that “magically appeared out of nowhere”? Where is the evidence that He exists other than in your mind? Give me tangible evidence and I will believe.
I am a Christian and I was having bible study with my wife. We were reading Exodus and I said to my wife, I wonder what the Egyptian history says about the Exodus? So you know it was time to Google it. Am I must say I am in complete disbelief. WOW! No Evidence at all! NADA, ZIP, ZILCH,NOTHING! I watched that little video above the guy left and that was lame. I am worried, but soon I’ll die and find out whats up.
Tony,
Check out my page that proves there were no 10 plagues either; https://thechurchoftruth.wordpress.com/no-10-plagues/
Had there really been 10 plagues, Egypt would have been a wasteland with no army. Instead, Egypt was at the height of its powers at the time of the alleged plagues.
I TOTALLY AGREE WITH THE NOTION THAT THE BIBLE IS NOT A BOOK OF SCIENCE AND THAT IF THERE EVER WAS A SLIGHT PECK OF REAL HISTORY IN THIS ACCOUNT, IT WAS MIXED WITH EXAGGERATED TALES THAT CAN’T BE SUSTAINED AND THEREFORE, ANY LITERAL MEANING OF THE BIBLE IS A HOAX.
Not to mention the Bible (Torah and NT) were selected books based on beliefs. The books of the OT, I think were just stories, not to be taken literally. They were stories for the family after dinner.
Your Point?
You think a video of a wagon wheel in the Red Sea “proves” there was an Exodus? You think a video of a wagon wheel in the Red Sea negates everything I said?
What about the food requirements, the water requirements, the hygiene requirements, the lack of archeological evidence, the complete lack of any other mention of all the events that transpired during the Exodus?
Where are all the bleached bones of the 1.5 million dead original Children of Israel that God let die in the desert? Where are all the bleached bones of the cattle (that had been killed by God three times in case you lost count) that would have died over the forty years? Where is the 1 ton of gold, 3.75 tons of silver and 2.50 tons of bronze that the Jews stole from the Egyptians?
But wait… I get it – a video claiming a wagon wheel is from the Red Sea and from the time of the Exodus completely supersedes everything I say.
Have you read any Egyptian History? Probably not. You have nothing but a video produced by people who believe a wagon wheel proves the supernatural. You are quite gullible aren’t you. You don’t require much to be convinced of nonsense.
Right, a video of a wagon wheel in the Red Sea automatically validates the entire Exodus story. There’s absolutely no point in considering other, more logical answers, such as:
It was part of a ship that sank during the supposed Exodus timeframe, or simply fell off a boat.
The chariot/wagon (or just the wheel) entered the water at the shoreline by way of tide, flood, or accident, and, by means of current and/or thousands of years of erosion, sea floor shift, etc, ended up in its current location.
Considering the Egyptian army and navy carried chariots (and every other item needed for warfare) by boat, all along the Red Sea, is it really hard to believe that some cargo could somehow end up in the water?
You know, don’t you?, that when people have believed something for a long time or have been indoctrinated and have invested in this belief, they are often so blinded by the fear of letting go, even if the evidence is overwhelming, they are unable to. A wonderful quote: “If you never change your mind how do you know you have one.” When the pain of living with untruths becomes greater than seeking the Truth, they will start seeking. Relating this to the above message- a wagon wheel – God spare me! I admire your continued efforts.
If this is a chariot wheel from the time of Mosses found at the bottom of the red sea. Why was it left there. Would this not be one of the biggest finds and be in a museum. Everyone would know about its find.
EXCELLENT POINT GARRY!
SINCERELY,
TRUTHSAYER